Clauses

從句是句子的組成部分。英語中有兩種從句：獨立從句和從屬從句。

獨立從句包含一個主語和一個動詞，所以是完整的句子。獨立從句的另一個說法是主句。

We left the house at 5 a.m.

Hamed eats an apple every day.

Let's go!

從屬從句不是完整的句子，需要一個獨立的從句才能有意義。如果你從句子中把從屬從句去掉，說話者想要傳達的資訊就沒法傳遞出來。

The car, which was brand new, needed a new wing mirror.

You went with her to the dentist, didn't you?

If you leave now, you'll miss the main event.

關係從句是修飾名詞的從屬從句。這些從句以關係代詞 "who"、 "whose"、"which"、 "where"、"when" 或 "that"開頭。

The car that I drove here in is actually my mother's.

His friend, who was wearing a bright red coat, only stayed for half an hour.

Gerald’s new job, which is at LingQ, has made him very happy.

限制性還是非限制性？

關係從句可以是限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。

限定性定語子句對於句子來說是必不可少的。它們會修改名詞或名詞短語，如果將它們刪除，句子將失去意義，或者說話者試圖傳達的信息將會丟失。

示例:

The muffins that I baked are all low sugar.

The hotel where Angela works will close down in a month.

The person who made us all late should have to clean the bus.

非限制性從句對句子來說是可有可無的，它們提供了額外的資訊。如果去掉非限制性從句，這個句子仍然有意義，說話者的資訊也可以得到充分表達。

The little girl, who was carrying a yellow backpack, was waiting a long time for her dad.

The old church, which has needed a new roof for years, is very cold in the winter.

Fion Jones, who lives down the road, is going to walk the dog tomorrow morning.